1. Health care facilities in BC are committed to protecting patients and staff from the potentially debilitating and sometimes fatal complications of influenza. Description: WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.? The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings P.I.E. ; or total revenues not profit ; if Japan is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The "market" is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability ; . The latent demand for antispasmodic and antisecretory pharmaceutical preparations in Japan is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels ; . Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a market. For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of "unit quantities", only total latent revenues i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied ; . The units used in this report are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends ; . If inflation rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand not adjusted for inflation ; . On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand. As mentioned in the introduction, this study is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and longrun view, irrespective of the players or products involved. In fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form i.e., at a brand-, R&D specification, or corporate-image level ; and all the players can be replaced by other firms i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc. ; , and there will still be latent demand for antispasmodic and antisecretory pharmaceutical preparations at the aggregate level. Product and service offerings, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand. THE METHODOLOGY In order to estimate the latent demand for antispasmodic and antisecretory pharmaceutical preparations across the prefectures and cites of Japan, we used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, we heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a prefecture, city, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient ; , at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium is realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain ; . Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks i.e., business cycles ; , and or changes in utility for the product in question.

Describe how drugs are named A. Chemical name.